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Anabolic-androgenic steroids increase organ size?

Last updated: July 14, 2026 By Jorn Trommelen Leave a Comment

Shows liver size is larger in enhanced bodybuilders vs natural bodybuilders

A “bubble gut” is often seen in high-level bodybuilders on stage, despite them having extremely low body fat levels. The reason for this is still unclear, but enlarged abdominal muscles, enlarged internal organs, and/or visceral fat between the organs may contribute.

It also remained unclear what is causing these bubble guts. It has been speculated that very high protein intakes and/or anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) play a role.

[Read more…]

Does cooling affect muscle blood flow?

Last updated: December 8, 2025 By Jorn Trommelen Leave a Comment

Cold-water immersion is popular among athletes, based on the belief it enhances post-exercise recovery. But growing evidence suggests it might actually impair the recovery process.

[Read more…]

Protein intake distribution: Beneficial, Detrimental, or Inconsequential for Muscle Anabolism?

Last updated: December 8, 2025 By Jorn Trommelen 1 Comment

Protein distribution: beneficial, detrimental, or inconsequential?

The concept of protein distribution suggests that how you distribute your meals throughout a 24-hour period strongly impacts your overall anabolism.

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Plant or animal-based protein for muscle growth?

Last updated: December 8, 2025 By Jorn Trommelen 2 Comments

Protein is essential to build muscle.

But does the type of protein matter?

Typically, bodybuilders eat a lot of meat. But more recently, plant-based diets have been getting a lot of attention.

A plant-based diet may have benefits with respect to ethical, sustainability, and general health issues.

But now you even start to hear claims that plant protein is just as good, or even better, than animal protein for athletes.

So in this article, we’re going to discuss:

  • why you need protein for muscle growth
  • why plant protein CAN be less effective
  • why you can still maximize gains on a plant-based diet
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Extrapolation or wishful thinking

Last updated: November 15, 2022 By Jorn Trommelen Leave a Comment

Data extrapolation or wishful thinking? Yes Infographic.

Studies are typically relatively short (weeks to months). However, we often want to know what happens with longer-term adherence to interventions such as a training protocol or a diet.

Therefore, data from studies needs to be extrapolated; make assumptions what would happen if the interventions would be continued. 

[Read more…]

Free amino acids or intact protein for anabolism?

Last updated: October 22, 2021 By Jorn Trommelen Leave a Comment

Protein vs amino acids

Protein provides the building blocks for tissues such as muscle mass.

Ingested protein is digested into amino acids. Subsequently, these amino acids are:

  • Absorbed in the gut
  • Released into the circulation
  • Taken up by tissues
  • Incorporated into tissues (protein synthesis)
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